PHILADELPHIA

A Good Start

“This is the essence of discrimination: Formulating opinions about others not based on their individual merits, but rather on their membership in a group with assumed characteristics.” (School Board of Nassau County v. Arline, 480 U.S. 273 (1987) (Brennan, J.), on remand, 692 F. Supp. 1286 (M.D. Fla. 1988)).

This rule, reaffirmed by the landmark Supreme Court decision which, over the dissent of Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Scalia, first recognized the infection with a contagious disease (tuberculosis) as an actionable handicap under federal law, forms the initial bond between star litigator Andrew Beckett (Tom Hanks) and ambulance chaser Joe Miller (Denzel Washington), the unlikely team at the center of this movie. Because through these words, black attorney Miller begins to realize that his colleague Beckett faces a handicap which, in essence, is not so different from that confronted by many of his fellow African Americans. And because this is an incredibly effectively scripted Hollywood movie, we, the audience, easily get the point as well; even if we’re white, and even if we’re not gay and/or suffering from AIDS like Beckett.

Of course, the insidiousness of the AIDS virus places those afflicted with it in a class of their own, and while the movie spares its viewers the pictures of some of the virus’s most graphic effects, it does go to considerable length to show the physical decline associated with it – not only in the person of Beckett himself, for whose role Hanks literally almost starved himself. Some of the patients surrounding him in the movie’s earlier emergency room scenes really were AIDS patients, whom Hanks had approached when preparing for the movie, and who had subsequently agreed to participate; and as Hanks emphasized during an appearance in Bravo TV’s Inside the Actors’ Studio, not all of them are still alive. – Denzel Washington’s appropriately named Joe Miller, middle class everyman in everything but the color of his skin (one of the movie’s obvious bows to political correctness), displays an attitude uncomfortably familiar to many of us; shunning gays in general and the HIV-infected Beckett in particular, out of a mixture of ignorance about AIDS, prejudice against those suffering from it, and prejudice against gays. Both Hanks and Washington give strikingly emotional, profound performances that rank among the best in their respective careers – Hanks deservedly won both the Oscar and the Golden Globe for his portrayal of Beckett, but Washington unfairly wasn’t even nominated for either. Yet, neither of them would have been able to shine as much as they do without their exceptional supporting cast; to name just two, Jason Robards, commanding as ever as Beckett’s homophobic former boss (and role model!), and Antonio Banderas as his devoted lover.

By the time of Philadelphia‘s release, some of the early myths about AIDS had begun to disappear, and the yearly growing numbers of newly infected patients had brought it out of its erstwhile obscurity as “the gay plague.” But indepth knowledge was still far from widespread, and therefore the movie – which was inspired in part by the real-life case of New York attorney Geoffrey Bowers – not only brought awareness to the disease in general, but also made a couple of important points, from educating the public about the disease’s method of transmission to emphasizing that it is by no means limited to gays and can even be contracted in something as life-affirming as a blood transfusion. (Indeed, several European countries were rocked by transfusion-related AIDS scandals right around the time of the movie’s release). One of Philadelphia‘s most quietly powerful scenes is the testimony of a female witness who was infected by just such a transfusion, and who emphasizes that having AIDS is not a matter of sin or morality: “I don’t consider myself any different from anyone else with this disease. I’m not guilty, I’m not innocent, I’m just trying to survive,” she responds when asked to confirm that in her case “there was no behavior on [her] part” involved and contracting AIDS was something she was “unable to avoid.” – Moreover, four years before Ellen DeGeneres rocked the showboat with a kiss during an episode of her sitcom, and Kevin Kline and Magnum macho Tom Selleck locked lips in In and Out (the screenplay of which was inspired by Hanks’s Oscar acceptance speech for Philadelphia), it was by no means a given that a movie would get away with letting Hanks and Banderas exchange acts of tenderness from caresses and kisses on the hand to a slow dance at a gay party.

Given Philadelphia‘s fundamental message and the memorable performances of its protagonists, it is a pity that the movie doesn’t entirely avoid Hollywood pitfalls, such as its soggy ending with grease literally dripping off the screen and the undeniable taste of a sugar-coated afterthought, transmitting the message that even dying of AIDS is really not so terrible, at least for the surviving family who can still unite around the television set and wallow in their memories of their lost loved one. And while I do buy Joe Miller’s transformation from a (somewhat stereotypical) homophobic male to a reluctant supporter of gay rights, I don’t really see why Beckett suddenly assumes a cliché gay look the second he has been fired; not to mention that I suspect not everybody in his situation would have enjoyed such overwhelming support from his family.

But ultimately, it is the movie’s overarching message that counts. “Ain’t no angel gonna greet me; it’s just you and I my friend … and my clothes don’t fit me no more: I walked a thousand miles just to slip this skin,” sings Bruce Springsteen, the movie’s other Oscar winner, in “Philadelphia”‘s title song. And Justice Brennan wrote in the Supreme Court’s Arline decision that in amending federal law, Congress was motivated by “discrimination stemming not only from simple prejudice, but also from archaic attitudes and laws.” This movie goes a long way in dispelling such attitudes. It alone isn’t enough – but it is, as Andrew Beckett jokes about the 1000 lawyers chained together at the bottom of the ocean, at least a good start.

Production Credits /
Cast and Crew

Production Credits

• Studio: Columbia TriStar (1993)
  
• Director: Jonathan Demme
• Executive Producers: Ron Bozman / Gary Goetzman / Kenneth Utt
• Producers: Jonathan Demme & Edward Saxon
  
• Screenplay: Ron Nyswaner
  
• Music: Howard Shore
• Cinematography / Director of Photography: Tak Fujimoto

Cast

• Tom Hanks: Andrew Beckett
• Denzel Washington: Joe Miller
• Jason Robards: Charles Wheeler
• Antonio Banderas: Miguel Alvarez
• Lisa Summerour: Lisa Miller
• Karen Finley: Dr. Gillman
• Joanne Woodward: Sarah Beckett
• Anna Deavere Smith: Anthea Burton
• Mary Steenburgen: Belinda Conine
• Robert Ridgely: Walter Kenton
• Charles Napier: Judge Garnett

Major Awards and Honors

Academy Awards (1994)

• Best Actor in a Leading Role: Tom Hanks
• Best Music, Song: Bruce Springsteen, for the song “Streets of Philadelphia”.

American Film Institute (AFI)

• Top 50 Heroes – No. 49 (Andrew Beckett)
• Top 100 Movie Songs – No. 68 (“Streets of Philadelphia”)

Golden Globes (1994)

• Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama: Tom Hanks
• Best Original Song – Motion Picture: Bruce Springsteen, for the song “Streets of Philadelphia”

MTV Movie Awards (USA) (1994)

• Best Male Performance: Tom Hanks

ASCAP Awards (USA) (1995)

• Top Box Office Films: Howard Shore
• Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures: Bruce Springsteen, for the song “Streets of Philadelphia”

Grammy Awards (USA) (1995)

• Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television: Bruce Springsteen, for the song “Streets of Philadelphia”

GLAAD Media Awards (USA) (1994)

• Outstanding Film – Wide Release: Jonathan Demme, Edward Saxon

Goldene Leinwand (Golden Screen) (Germany) (1994)

• Winner of the Golden Screen

Berlin International Film Festival (1994)

• Silver Berlin Bear – Best Actor: Tom Hanks

Links

• Philadelphia at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
• Philadelphia at AllMovie.com
• Tom Hanks Online (unofficial site)
• Tom Hanks Network (unofficial site)
• Denzel Washington’s profile at Biography.com
• Antonio Banderas’s official website (in Spanish)
• Bruce Springsteen’s official website
• Geoffrey Bowers’s profile at FindaGrave.com
• The New York Times: Vindicating a Lawyer With AIDS, Years Too Late; Bias Battle Over Dismissal Proves Costly Not Only to Worker, but to Law Firm (on the verdict in the Geoffrey Bowers case)
• The United Nations AIDS Program (UNAIDS)
• The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / National Institute of Health AIDSinfo project
• Lyrics of the aria La mamma morta from Umberto Giordano’s opera Andrea Chénier (Italian and English)
• Themis-Athena’s select annotated filmography of courtroom dramas